Task
Two elements of a binary search tree (BST) are swapped by mistake.
Recover the tree without changing its structure.
Example
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Input: [1,3,null,null,2]
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3
\
2
Output: [3,1,null,null,2]
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Input: [3,1,4,null,null,2]
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/ \
1 4
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Output: [2,1,4,null,null,3]
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/ \
1 4
/
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Follow up:
A solution using O(n) space is pretty straight forward.
Could you devise a constant space solution?
Solution
- 考虑大小关系,使用中序遍历
- 中序遍历的节点按照升序排列,故可认为是遍历已排好序的链表,找出被误交换的两个节点,如下图
- 每次root指向一个节点,prev指向上次看到的节点
- 异常发生时:prev的值大于root的值(违反升序)
- 第一次异常发生时(第一个红框),prev是被误交换的节点
- 第二次异常发生时(第二个红框),root是被误交换的节点
- 用两个指针first和second分别指向这两个节点
时间复杂度
:遍历一次,O(n)
空间复杂度
:递归实现中序遍历,取决于递归深度,O(logn)-O(n)之间
- 实现:
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// Runtime: 28 ms, faster than 89.65% of C++ online submissions for Recover Binary Search Tree.
// Memory Usage: 53.4 MB, less than 5.26% of C++ online submissions for Recover Binary Search Tree.
/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
inorder(root);
//找到两个节点后交换它们的值
swap(first->val,second->val);
}
private:
void inorder(TreeNode *root){
if(!root) return;
inorder(root->left);
//中序遍历,在遍历左子树和右子树之间操作
//判断异常发生
if(prev && (prev->val > root->val)){
//第一次发生异常时prev是被误交换的值
if(!first) first=prev;
//第二次发生异常时root是被交换的值
second=root;
}
//更新prev
prev=root;
inorder(root->right);
}
TreeNode *first,*second,*prev=nullptr;
};
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